Coming of Age: Seven Bildungsromans

The German word for it, Bildungsroman, describes a shape rather than a subject: a young person leaves home, meets the world, and is formed by the meeting. The seven novels here run from Northanger Abbey, published in 1817, to Joyce’s Portrait of the Artist in 1916, and they disagree about whether the formation is a triumph.

Austen’s Catherine Morland is cured of reading too many Gothic novels; Jane Eyre is cured of nothing and keeps her own terms; David Copperfield learns to write; Stephen Dedalus flies past the nets of family, church and nation. The same plot, seven verdicts.

Every coming-of-age novel on this shelf

Seven titles, oldest first. All follow one person from ignorance to a costlier knowledge.

YearTitleAuthorFormWordsReading time
1817Northanger AbbeyJane AustenNovel80,2644 h
1847Jane EyreCharlotte BrontëNovel185,00010 h
1850David CopperfieldCharles DickensNovel357,00020 h
1853VilletteCharlotte BrontëNovel195,00011 h
1861Great ExpectationsCharles DickensNovel184,00010 h
1908Anne of Green GablesL. M. MontgomeryNovel102,0006 h
1922SiddharthaHermann HesseNovel42,1922 h

How this list was made

A novel is listed when its page records Bildungsroman or Coming of age. That rule favours novels that track a single life over years; novels with a child narrator but a different shape, such as Huckleberry Finn, are on the American shelf.

Years are first editions on the book pages. Words and reading times are for the texts here, which means the seven add up to about 1.1 million words.

Questions readers ask

Is Jane Eyre a coming-of-age novel?
Yes, and the clearest one here: five stages of one life, from the red room at Gateshead to Ferndean, each with its own household and its own lesson.
What is the shortest?
Northanger Abbey, at about 77,000 words, though it reads as a parody as much as a formation. The Portrait of the Artist is next.
Do they all end well?
They end with a self, not necessarily a success. Dickens and Austen close on a marriage; Joyce closes on an exile; Brontë closes on a marriage that costs something.

Part of the complete catalogue and the themed reading lists. Nearby shelves: Satire · Historical Fiction · Short Stories · Romance · Memoir & Autobiography · authors A–Z · word counts and reading times.