American Classics: Fifty-Five Books, 1788 to 1929

The American shelf is the largest national shelf on the site, and it is the one that changes character most often: political pamphlets in the 1780s, a Gothic and a transcendental phase in the 1830s and 1840s, the slave narrative and the war novel, then realism and the magazine story around 1900.

Fifty-five titles by thirty-eight authors, from The Federalist Papers to A Farewell to Arms, is enough to show the through-line: a literature arguing with its own founding documents. Hawthorne and Melville test the Puritan inheritance, Douglass and Jacobs answer the Constitution from the inside, Twain and Wharton measure the republic’s promises against its manners.

Every American title on this shelf

Fifty-five titles, oldest first, from 1788 to 1929 and about 4.9 million words.

YearTitleAuthorFormWordsReading time
1788The Federalist PapersAlexander HamiltonEssays190,00011 h
1791The Autobiography of Benjamin FranklinBenjamin FranklinAutobiography65,0004 h
1819The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent.Washington IrvingEssays and sketches122,0007 h
1820The Legend of Sleepy HollowWashington IrvingNovel12,2671 h
1826The Last of the MohicansJames Fenimore CooperNovel149,0008 h
1836NatureRalph Waldo EmersonEssay15,4001 h
1839The Fall of the House of UsherEdgar Allan PoeNovel6,9091 h
1841Essays: First and Second SeriesRalph Waldo EmersonEssays133,0007 h
1845Narrative of the Life of Frederick DouglassFrederick DouglassSlave narrative41,0002 h
1846TypeeHerman MelvilleTravel narrative101,0006 h
1850The Scarlet LetterNathaniel HawthorneNovel83,0005 h
1851Moby-Dick; or, The WhaleHerman MelvilleNovel211,00012 h
1851The House of the Seven GablesNathaniel HawthorneNovel104,8466 h
1852Uncle Tom’s CabinHarriet Beecher StoweNovel180,00010 h
1853Bartleby, the ScrivenerHerman MelvilleNovel14,5221 h
1854WaldenHenry David ThoreauNature writing106,2986 h
1855Leaves of GrassWalt WhitmanVerse122,0007 h
1861Incidents in the Life of a Slave GirlHarriet JacobsSlave narrative81,0005 h
1868Little WomenLouisa May AlcottNovel201,00011 h
1869The Innocents AbroadMark TwainTravel writing193,00011 h
1872Roughing ItMark TwainTravel writing165,0009 h
1876The Adventures of Tom SawyerMark TwainNovel70,0004 h
1880The Art of Money GettingP. T. BarnumLecture14,3001 h
1881The Prince and the PauperMark TwainNovel66,0004 h
1883Life on the MississippiMark TwainMemoir148,0008 h
1884Adventures of Huckleberry FinnMark TwainNovel116,0006 h
1889A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s CourtMark TwainNovel121,0337 h
1890An Occurrence at Owl Creek BridgeAmbrose BierceNovel3,7651 h
1890How the Other Half LivesJacob RiisReportage82,0005 h
1892The Yellow WallpaperCharlotte Perkins GilmanNovel6,0521 h
1895The King in YellowRobert W. ChambersNovel70,4854 h
1895The Red Badge of CourageStephen CraneNovel46,0003 h
1898The Turn of the ScrewHenry JamesNovel41,8762 h
1899The AwakeningKate ChopinNovel67,0804 h
1899The Theory of the Leisure ClassThorstein VeblenTreatise106,0006 h
1900Sister CarrieTheodore DreiserNovel156,3589 h
1900The Wonderful Wizard of OzL. Frank BaumNovel39,4092 h
1901Up from SlaveryBooker T. WashingtonAutobiography73,0004 h
1902The Varieties of Religious ExperienceWilliam JamesLectures154,0009 h
1903The Call of the WildJack LondonNovel32,0002 h
1903The Souls of Black FolkW. E. B. Du BoisEssays69,0004 h
1903The Story of My LifeHelen KellerAutobiography134,0007 h
1904The Sea-WolfJack LondonNovel107,0006 h
1905The Gift of the MagiO. HenryNovel2,1301 h
1905The House of MirthEdith WhartonNovel129,0367 h
1906The JungleUpton SinclairNovel149,2778 h
1906White FangJack LondonNovel75,2124 h
1907PragmatismWilliam JamesLectures52,0003 h
1911Ethan FromeEdith WhartonNovel34,6192 h
1912A Princess of MarsEdgar Rice BurroughsNovel67,2554 h
1916Democracy and EducationJohn DeweyTreatise135,0008 h
1920The Age of InnocenceEdith WhartonNovel101,0006 h
1920Thuvia, Maid of MarsEdgar Rice BurroughsNovel46,0003 h
1925The Great GatsbyF. Scott FitzgeraldNovel48,2573 h
1929A Farewell to ArmsErnest HemingwayNovel88,0005 h

How this list was made

Inclusion is by the author’s first recorded citizenship, from Wikidata. Authors who wrote in America but kept another citizenship, such as Conrad, are placed with the country Wikidata lists first.

Where a book exists in several editions the site offers one; word counts are for that text. The two longest entries, Moby-Dick and The Federalist Papers, are also the two most quoted in courtrooms.

Questions readers ask

Where should I start?
The Great Gatsby at 47,000 words is the shortest way into the twentieth century; Walden at about 110,000 is the shortest way into the nineteenth. If you want the founding argument, start with the Federalist Papers.
Why is Uncle Tom’s Cabin here?
Because it was the most consequential American novel of its decade, and its page records the genre. The book pages note both its abolitionist argument and its caricatures.
Does the list include poetry?
It includes Leaves of Grass, which is a book of poems, because the shelf is organised by book rather than by form. The poetry shelf gathers the epics separately.

Part of all themed reading lists. Nearby shelves: Russian Classics · French Classics · Irish Classics · authors A–Z · word counts and reading times.